Respiratory Nematode Infection in Elephants (Parasitic Disease Summary)

DISEASE SUMMARY PAGE

Respiratory Nematode Infection in Elephants:

Summary Information
Diseases / List of Parasitic Diseases / Disease summary
Alternative Names	Gapeworm infection in elephants Mammomonogamus infection in elephants
Disease Agents	Specifically recorded for Elephas maximus - Asian Elephant: Mammomonogamus indicus (B24) = Syngamus indicus (J379.5.w1) Specifically recorded for Loxodonta africana - African Elephant: Mammomonogamus loxodontis (B24) Specifically recorded for Loxodonta cyclotis - Forest Elephant: Mammomonogamus sp., eggs similar to those of Mammomonogamus loxodontis. (J381.71.w1) Mammomonogamus spp. are similar to Syngamus spp; the male and female are joined in copulo. Earthworms are the intermediate hosts. (B24, B504) There is a cervical papilla present. The buccal capsule lacks a cuticular crown. Eggs are not operculate. (B24) Further information on Disease Agents has only been incorporated for agents recorded in species for which a full Wildpro "Health and Management" module has been completed (i.e. for which a comprehensive literature review has been undertaken). Only those agents with further information available are linked below:
	Infectious Agent(s)	Mammomonogamus spp. (Syngamidae - (Family))
	Non-infectious Agent(s)	--
	Physical Agent(s)	--
General Description	In Elephants: Elephas maximus - Asian Elephant: Mammomonogamus indicus has been reported in the pharynx. (B24) Syngamus indicus was found in the larynx and oedematous swelling under the neck of an elephant of an elephant from the Andemans. (J379.5.w1) Loxodonta africana - African Elephant: Mammomonogamus loxodontis has been reported in the trachea. (B24) Loxodonta cyclotis - Forest Elephant: Mammomonogamus sp. eggs, resembling those of Mammomonogamus loxodontis, were found in one of six faecal samples from elephants from the Republic of Congo and Central African Republic. (J381.71.w1)
Further Information	--
Associated Techniques	History & Documentation Physical Examination of Mammals Treatment and Care - General Environmental Assessment Necropsy of Mammals Chapter 2 - B36 Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases - Specimen Collection and Preservation Chapter 3 - B36 Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases - Specimen shipment Appendix A - B36 Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases - Sample specimen history form
Host taxa groups /species	Further information on Host species has only been incorporated for species groups for which a full Wildpro "Health and Management" module has been completed (i.e. for which a comprehensive literature review has been undertaken). Elephants (Elephantidae - Elephants (Family)) Elephas maximus - Asian Elephant Loxodonta africana - African Elephant Loxodonta cyclotis - Forest Elephant (List does not contain all other species groups affected by this disease)

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