- Physaloptera clausa
- Gonglyonema mucronatum
- Gonglyonema neoplasticum
- Infection with gastric (stomach) nematodes have been reported.
- Infection with oesophageal worms have been reported but despite the size of the worms (up to 12 cm long and 6mm across) they "seldom cause serious symptoms". (B228.9.w9)
- Infection with Physaloptera clausa may cause inappetance and weight loss. (B214.3.26.w11)
- No clinical signs in mild infection. Weakness, lethargy, weight loss and soft faeces may be seen with massive infections of Physaloptera clausa stomach worms. (B291.12.w12)
- Ingestion of infected insect intermediate hosts (both Physaloptera clausa stomach worms and Gonglyonema spp. oesophageal worms). (B291.12.w12)
Diagnosis:
- Faecal examination (flotation): Thick-walled oval embryonated eggs (Physaloptera clausa stomach worms). (B291.12.w12)
- White or pale pink worms may be shed following treatment for Crenosoma or Capillaria. (B291.12.w12)
Treatment:
- Ivermectin 200 µg/kg bodyweight (by subcutaneous injection) was considered to be totally effective in removing Phisaloptera sp. (and Crenosoma infection), based on thirty days of faecal examination, although Capillaria sp. [lungworm or intestinal species not distinguished] eggs were still produced. (P5.29.w4)
- Piperazine plus Citarin. (B214.3.26.w11)
- Mebendazole 25mg twice daily for hedgehogs of less than 500 g bodyweight, 50 mg twice daily for hedgehogs greater than 500 g bodyweight, orally: administer for five days then repeat treatment after two to three weeks. (B22.27.w3)
Reports:
- Physaloptera clausa in the oesophagus of Erinaceus europaeus, Capillaria spp. in the intestine. (B156.7.w7)
- Eucoleus (?Capillaria) tenuis (liver and lungs), Physaloptera orientalis, Spiroptera erinacei (lungs), Fusaria (? Capillaria) pusilla) peritoneum, Physaloptera clausa (stomach); in the intestines Gongylonema neoplasticum, Trichinella spiralis, Trichosoma erinacei (?Capillaria erinacei, Capillaria exigua), Trichosoma (?Capillaria) putorii from European hedgehogs Erinaceus spp. Also in Erinaceus europaeus intestines Rictularia aethenichini and Trichuris mettami, stomach Gonglyonema mucronatum and Gonglyonema neoplasticum. (J18.38.w1)
- Physaloptera dispar in the stomach of hedgehogs including Erinaceus europaeus, Atelerix algirus and Atelerix albiventris. (B228.9.w9)
- Gongylonema mucronatum and Gonglyonema neoplasticum in the oesophagus of European hedgehogs. (B228.9.w9)
- Spirura rytipleurites seurati from the stomachs of five hedgehogs Erinaceus europaeus in Sicily; this had previously been described as a stomach worm of Erinaceus (Atelerix) algirus and Hemiechinus auritus. (J175.69.w1)
- Phisaloptera sp. (also Capillaria sp. and Crenosoma sp.) in a European hedgehog. (P5.29.w4)
- Rictularia sp. nematodes were found infecting two Hemiechinus auritus in Egypt. (J202.77.w1)
- Gonglyonema sp. larvae enclosed in cysts were found infecting a Hemiechinus auritus in Egypt. (J202.77.w1)
- Physical Examination of Mammals
- Necropsy of Mammals
- Subcutaneous Injection of Hedgehogs
- Treatment and Care - General
- Environmental and Population Management - General
- Chapter 2 - B36 Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases - Specimen Collection and Preservation
- Chapter 3 - B36 Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases - Specimen shipment
- Appendix A - B36 Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases - Sample specimen history form
