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| Diseases / List of Parasitic Diseases / Disease description: |
| Fowl Tick Infection in Waterfowl |
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General and References
Disease Summary |
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| WATERFOWL | Tick infestation which may cause blood loss sufficient to produce clinical anaemia, and also tick paralysis (Tick Paralysis). Important vector and reservoir of Borrelia anserina, the cause of borreliosis (Borreliosis). |
Alternative Names (Synonyms) |
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Disease Type |
| Parasitic - Insects, Mites and Ticks |
Infectious/Non-Infectious Agent associated with the Disease |
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| Soft-bodied tick Argus persicus; now considered several species (B24). | |
Infective "Taxa" |
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Non-infective agents |
-- |
Physical agents |
-- Indirect / Secondary |
Disease Author |
Debra Bourne |
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Major References / Reviews |
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Code and Title List |
B12.55.w1, B16.19.w1, B24, B32.14.w19, B32.32.w12 |
Other References |
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Code and Title List |
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Clinical Characteristics and Pathology
Detailed Clinical and Pathological Characteristics |
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General |
WATERFOWL | Anaemia, decreased egg
production, also flaccid paralysis (tick paralysis). N.B. Vector for Borrelia anserina, the cause of borreliosis (Borreliosis). |
Clinical
Characteristics |
WATERFOWL |
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Incubation |
WATERFOWL | -- |
Mortality / Morbidity |
WATERFOWL | -- |
Pathology |
WATERFOWL | -- |
Human Health Considerations |
| Ticks may also bite humans (B24). |
Susceptibility / Transmission
General information on Susceptibility / Transmission |
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| WATERFOWL | -- |
Disease / Agent has been reported in either the wild or in captivity in: |
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| Ducks and geese (B16.19.w1, B24). | |
WATERFOWL Host Species List |
-- |
Disease / Agent has been specifically reported in Free-ranging populations of: |
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| -- | |
WATERFOWL Host Species List |
-- |
Environment/Geography
| General Information on Environmental Factors/Events and Seasonality |
| -- |
Regions / Countries where the Infectious Agent or Disease has been recorded |
| Europe, Asia, parts of Africa (Argas persicus), USA (Argas persicus, Argas sanchezi, Argas radiatus), Panama and South America Argas miniatus (B24, B32.32.12). |
Regions / Countries where the Infectious Agent or Disease has been recorded in Free-ranging populations |
| -- |
General Investigation / Diagnosis
General Information on Investigation / Diagnosis |
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| WATERFOWL | Finding of ticks (yellowish-brown when starved, slatey-blue when engorged) on the bird or in cracks and crevices of buildings (B24). |
| Related Techniques | -- |
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Similar Diseases (Differential Diagnosis) |
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| WATERFOWL | Tick paralysis must be differentiated from botulism (Avian Botulism) (B32.32.w12) |
Treatment and Control
Specific Medical Treatment |
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| WATERFOWL | Use of acaricides e.g. permethrin on birds and their environment (B24, B32.32.w12). |
| Related Techniques |
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General Nursing and Surgical Techniques |
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| WATERFOWL | -- |
| Related Techniques | -- |
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Preventative Measures |
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| Vaccination | WATERFOWL | -- |
| Prophylactic Treatment | WATERFOWL |
-- |
| Related Techniques | -- | |
Environmental and Population Control Measures |
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| General Environment Changes, Cleaning and Disinfection | WATERFOWL |
N.B. Treatment of buildings, not just birds, is required as the ticks live in crevices. Acaricides must be forced into crevices etc. Burning of infested buildings may be required to eradicate ticks. (B12.55.w1, B24, B32.14.w19, B32.32.w12). |
| Population Control Measures | WATERFOWL | --
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| Isolation, Quarantine and Screening | WATERFOWL | -- |
| Related Techniques |
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