DISEASE SUMMARY PAGE

Eyeworms in Bears

Summary Information
Diseases / List of Parasitic Diseases / Disease summary
Alternative Names Ocular nematode infection.
Disease Agents Thelazia californiensis. (J345.3.w2)
  • Thelaziidae - (Family): "Spiruroidea with no pseudolabia; mouth capsule present. Hind end of male with many pre- and post-anal papillae. Spicules unequal." They are parasites of the conjunctival sac, lachrymal duct and digestive tract, of both birds and mammals. (B24)
  • Intermediate hosts are flies (Muscidae - (Family)); for Thelazia californiensis, it is thought that Fannia spp. are more important as intermediate hosts than are Musca spp. Information from Thelazia rhodesii indicates that first stage larvae from the host' eye secretions enter the fly's gut and penetrate to the ovarian follicles, developing to second stage larvae and then third stage larvae there. The infective third stage larvae migrate to the fly's mouth parts, from which they are transferred back to the definitive host. For that species, development in the fly took 15-30 days. (B24)
  • Transmission is seasonal, depending on when the intermediate hosts are active. (B24)
Infectious Agent(s)
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General Description
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Associated Techniques
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