See also:

• Urolithiasis in Hedgehogs
• Kidney Failure in Hedgehogs

• Various bacteria

Further information on Disease Agents has only been incorporated for  agents recorded in species for which a full Wildpro "Health and Management" module has been completed (i.e. for which a comprehensive literature review has been undertaken). Only those agents with further information available are linked below:

• Miscellaneous bacteria

• Lower urinary tract infections have been reported in hedgehogs with signs including thick discoloured urine and sometimes squealing of the hedgehogs when it is urinating. (D107, B337.3.w3)
• Cystitis has been seen in Atelerix albiventris - Four-toed hedgehog.(B339.10.w10)

• First choice antibiotics include cephalexin or potentiated sulphonamides (trimethoprim plus sulphonamides).  (D107)

• Physical Examination of Mammals
• Necropsy of Mammals
• Chapter 2 - B36 Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases - Specimen Collection and Preservation
• Chapter 3 - B36 Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases - Specimen shipment
• Appendix A - B36 Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases - Sample specimen history form

• Erinaceus europaeus - West European Hedgehog
• Atelerix albiventris - Four-toed hedgehog

Further information on Host species has only been incorporated for  species groups for which a full Wildpro "Health and Management" module has been completed (i.e. for which a comprehensive literature review has been undertaken).

(List does not contain all other species groups affected by this disease)