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| Diseases / List of Bacterial Diseases / Disease description: |
| Omphalitis / Yolk-sacculitis in Waterfowl |
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General and References
Disease Summary |
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| WATERFOWL | Bacterial infection of the
yolk sac and/or umbilical area. May lead to, and is predisposed by, yolk sac retention. See also Yolk Sac Rupture, and Yolk Sac Retention |
Alternative Names (Synonyms) |
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Disease Type |
| Bacterial Infection |
Infectious/Non-Infectious Agent associated with the Disease |
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| Usually gram-negative bacteria, particularly Salmonella and Escherichia coli (B13.46.w1, B32.4.w26, B37.x.w1); also Staphylococcus aureus (J6.23.w3). | |
Infective "Taxa" |
Specifically recorded for waterfowl: |
Non-infective agents |
-- |
Physical agents |
-- Indirect / Secondary |
Disease Author |
Debra Bourne |
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Major References / Reviews |
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Code and Title List |
B13.46.w1, B32.4.w26,
B37.x.w1 J2.23.w1 J7.30.w2, J7.43.w1 |
Other References |
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Code and Title List |
J4.100.w1 J6.23.w3 J7.33.w2, J7.33.w3, J7.34.w1 |
Clinical Characteristics and Pathology
Detailed Clinical and Pathological Characteristics |
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General |
WATERFOWL | Yolk sac and/or umbilical area infected. |
Clinical
Characteristics |
WATERFOWL | Omphalitis: abdominal wall inflammation and oedema around umbilicus - visibly swollen and reddened. |
Incubation |
WATERFOWL | -- |
Mortality / Morbidity |
WATERFOWL | Can be an important cause of mortality (J7.30.w2, J7.33.w2). |
Pathology |
WATERFOWL | Yolk sacculitis: Yolk sac enlarged, with wall hyperaemic and petechiated, contents thick or coagulated, brownish or yellow (normal yolk is liquid, greenish-yellow) (J2.23.w1, J4.100.w1, J7.43.w1, B13.46.w1, B37.x.w1). |
Human Health Considerations |
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Susceptibility / Transmission
General information on Susceptibility / Transmission |
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| WATERFOWL |
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Disease has been reported in either the wild or in captivity in: |
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Host Species List |
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Disease has been specifically reported in Free-ranging populations of: |
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| -- | |
Host Species List |
-- |
Environment/Geography
| General Information on Environmental Factors/Events and Seasonality |
Regions / Countries where the Infectious Agent or Disease has been recorded |
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Regions / Countries where the Infectious Agent or Disease has been recorded in Free-ranging populations |
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General Investigation / Diagnosis
General Information on Investigation / Diagnosis |
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| WATERFOWL | -- |
| Related Techniques | |
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Similar Diseases (Differential Diagnosis) |
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| WATERFOWL | Yolk sac retention without infection (Yolk Sac Retention) |
Treatment and Control
Specific Medical Treatment |
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| WATERFOWL | -- |
| Related Techniques | -- |
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General Nursing and Surgical Techniques |
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| WATERFOWL |
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| Related Techniques | |
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Preventative Measures |
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| Vaccination | WATERFOWL | -- |
| Prophylactic Treatment | WATERFOWL |
Antibiotic spray/dip on umbilicus of hatchlings (J7.30.w2, J7.43.w1). |
| Related Techniques |
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Environmental and Population Control Measures |
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| General Environment Changes, Cleaning and Disinfection | WATERFOWL |
Good hygiene. Provide clean nesting material. Collect eggs before faecal contamination occurs. Handle eggs with washed and preferably gloved hands. Clean eggs before incubation, with disinfectant dips or by exposure to ultra-violet light . Store in clean environment before incubation. Keep incubators clean, clean and fumigate incubators and incubation room regularly. Candle eggs regularly and remove eggs in which the embryo has died. Provide clean brooder boxes for newly-hatched birds (J7.30.w2, J7.43.w1, B37.x.w1). |
| Population Control Measures | WATERFOWL | -- |
| Isolation, Quarantine and Screening | WATERFOWL | -- |
| Related Techniques | ||
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