Haem9- Normal Haematology Values for Ursus americanus

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İ ß Haem9- Normal Haematology Values for Ursus americanus - American black bear

Reference Values
Information on Reference Values

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Reference Values

(Please note that the references are given in the units in the original publication and that "SD^+" represents "Standard Deviation" Reference ranges are only as good as the data entered, and as consistent as the laboratory standards allow. Users should use their professional judgement in viewing these values
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Parameter

Units

Ref^1.
Mean +/- SE

Ref^1.
Range

Ref^2a.
Mean (Range)

Ref^2b.
Mean (Range)

Ref^3.
Range of means*

Ref^4.
Mean +/- SD

Ref^4.
Range

Ref^5a.
Mean (Range)

Ref^5b.
Mean (Range)

Ref^5c.
Mean (Range)

Ref^5d.
Mean (Range)

Ref^6.
Mean +/- SD

Ref^7.
Mean (Range)

Ref^8.
Mean (Range)

Ref^9.
Mean (Range)

Units

Parameter

Haemoglobin

g/litre

Haemoglobin

g/dl

15.8 +/- 2.3

11 - 21.2

17.3 (11.6 - 18.8)

15.9 (13.2 - 17.7)

7.0 - 8.1

415.7 - 19.3

15.7 +/- 1.29

13.5 - 17.0

17.2 (14.6 - 19.0)

21.1 (18.3 - 22.7)

17.3 (16.6 - 18.8)

18.3 (17.3 - 19.0)

13.6 +/- 3.7

11.63

15.9 (10.2 - 21.6)

15.49 (13.74 - 17.82)

g/dl

RBC
(Erythrocyte)
count

x10¹²/l

RBC
(Erythrocyte)
count

x10⁶/mm³

7.04 (6.67 - 7.75)

8.28 (8.03 - 9.30)

7.41 +/- 0.809

6.15 - 8.46

8.43 (7.88 - 10.00)

10.33 (7.14 - 13.50)

8.21 (7.13 - 9.01)

8.14 (6.06 - 10.17)

6.38 +/- 1.68

7.71 (7.01 - 8.08)

7.13 (5.33 - 8.88)

7.147 (5.490 - 7.250)

x10⁶/mm³

x10⁶/μl

7.71 +/- 1.335

4.6 - 11.7

6.6 - 8.4

7.4 - 8.8

x10⁶/μl

PCV (Haematocrit)

l/l

48 +/- 4.4

41 - 53

l/l

PCV (Haematocrit)

45.5 +/- 6.9

29 - 62.6

53 (50 - 58)

47 (42 - 54)

46.5 - 54.2

45.5 - 55.6

49 (44 - 52)

61 (56 - 66)

54 (51 - 55)

49 (43 - 53)

38.6 +/- 8.0

37.9 (ml/100ml)

49.4 (44 - 59)

33, 37.5 (two samples)

MCV

fl (or μm³)

60.0 +/- 7.2

41.8 - 97.5

75 (71 - 79)

58 (52 - 61)

63.0 - 70.5

62.1 - 64.0

65 +/- 6.1

57 - 75

61.2 +/- 3.4

49.74

fl (or μm³)

MCV

MCH

pg/cell

20.7 +/- 2.3

15.2 - 33.7

24 (23 - 26)

19 (16 - 21)

21 +/- 1.9 μμg

19 - 24 μμg

21.4 +/- 0.5 μμg

15.15 (vv)

pg/cell

MCH

mg/dl

MCHC

g/dl

34.6 +/- 22

29.3 - 49.1

32 (32 - 35)

33 (31 - 37)

33.6 - 35.7

33.1 - 35.4

g/dl

MCHC

33 +/- 0.98

31 - 34

35.0 +/- 2.3

29.68

Tot. WBC
(Leukocytes)

x10⁹/l

Tot. WBC
(Leukocytes)

x10³/μl (x10³/mm³)

9.15 +/- 3.9

3.44 - 23.00

11.1 (9.5 - 11.9)

17.1 (8.3 - 24.3)

6.2 - 8.0

6.0 - 8.8

11.2 +/- 3.32

5.2 - 14.7

12.53 (9.80 - 15.40)

8.76 (4.95 - 14.10)

6.38 (5.90 - 7.00)

14.53 (8.20 - 19.40)

8.79 +/- 4.05

19.45 (11.55 - 26.75)

12.687 (11.750 - 13.750)

x10³/μl (x10³/mm³)

Neutrophils

x10⁹/l

Neutrophils

73 (bands 4)

56 - 84
(bands 0 - 12)

x10³/μl

6.21 +/- 3.22
(bands 0.225 +/- 0.512)

0.67 - 20.20
(bands 0.0 - 2.64)

7.25 +/- 3.54
(bands 0)

x10³/μl

Lymphocytes

x10⁹/l

Lymphocytes

8 - 24

x10³/μl

1.892 +/- 1.125

0.25 - 6.72

1.24 +/- 0.57

x10³/μl

Monocytes

x10⁹/l

Monocytes

4 - 20

x10³/μl

0.336 +/- 0.223

0.040 - 1.136

0.03 +/- 0.06

x10³/μl

Eosinophils

x10⁹/l

Eosinophils

0 - 0

x10³/μl

0.750 +/- 1.135

0.012 - 8.979

0.15 +/- 0.11

x10³/μl

Basophils

x10⁹/l

Basophils

0 - 3

x10³/μl

0.01 +/- 0.02

0.0 - 0.065

0.09 +/- 0.13

x10³/μl

Platelets

x10⁹/l

Platelets

x10³/μl

377 +/- 95

128 - 581

x10³/μl

Plasma protein

g/dl

7.2 +/- 0.6

4.67

g/dl

Plasma protein

Plasma fibrinogen

mg/dl

Plasma fibrinogen

Erythrocyte sedimentation
rate (ESR)

9.4 mm/hr; 44.4 mm/24 hr

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

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Reference 1.
Wildpro Data Source	B336.51.w51
Ref Title	Ursidae and Hyenidae
Ref Author(s)	Ramsay, E.C.
Animal Details	--
Laboratory Techniques	--
Comments	Data from ISIS, October 1999

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Reference 2.
Wildpro Data Source	J460.22.w1
Ref Title	Hematology of the Ursidae
Ref Author(s)	Seal, U.S., Swaim, W.R., Erickson, A.W.
Animal Details	Bears from zoos in North America. a) Five females and one male; samples collected in April. b) One female and six males, samples collected in November.
Laboratory Techniques	--
Comments	--

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Reference 3.
Wildpro Data Source	J1.27.w11
Ref Title	Weights and hematology of wild black bears during hibernation
Ref Author(s)	DelGiudice, G.D., Rogers, L.L., Allen, A.W. & Seal, U.S.
Animal Details	Wild black bears during hibernation. A total of 47 samples were collected from 28 bears over four years. a) lactating females. b) non-lactating females * Range of means for different years.
Laboratory Techniques	--
Comments	There was a significant difference between lactating and non-lactating females in mean wbc counts (range 4.5 - 11.0 x10³/μl versus 3.9 -18.8 x10³/μl; P < 0.05) and MCV (59 - 75 fl versus 51 - 72 fl; P < 0.005)

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Reference 4.
Wildpro Data Source	J30.50.w1
Ref Title	Hematology of the brown bear (Ursus arctos) from southwestern Yukon Territory, Canada
Ref Author(s)	Pearson, A.M. & Halloran, D.W.
Animal Details	Five adult black bears (four males, one female), in southwestern Yukon. Bears were pursued by helicopter and darted with phencyclidine. Black bears were sampled for comparison with brown bears from the same area.
Laboratory Techniques	--
Comments	--

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Reference 5.
Wildpro Data Source	J332.42.w2
Ref Title	Seasonal variations in the hematology and physiology of black bears
Ref Author(s)	Erickson, A. W. & Youatt, W.G.
Animal Details	Four wild-caught bears (one adult male, two subadult females and one male cub), held at an experimental station in Michigan, in individual pens provided with dens and straw bedding. The bears hibernated 25th December to 17th April (except that one denned 26th November, and one emerged 1st April). (J332.42.w2) a) November b) February c) April d) July
Laboratory Techniques	--
Comments	Bears were noted to be leucopaenic during hibernation. Early during hibernation, increases were noted in rbc count, hemoglobin, PCV and total protein. (J332.42.w2)

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Reference 6.
Wildpro Data Source	J1.19.w14
Ref Title	Use of dissociative anesthetics for the immobilization of captive bears: blood gas, hematology and biochemistry values
Ref Author(s)	Bush, M., Custer, R.S. & Smith, E.E.
Animal Details	Five samples, from two male and one female black bears at the National Zoo, Washington, D.C., USA.
Laboratory Techniques	--
Comments	--

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Reference 7.
Wildpro Data Source	J460.19.w1
Ref Title	Analysis of the blood of American black bears
Ref Author(s)	Hock, R.J.
Animal Details	Four cubs, 9 - 10 months old, held in captivity for one to three months.
Laboratory Techniques	--
Comments	--

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Reference 8.
Wildpro Data Source	J332.39.w2
Ref Title	Notes on hematology of Michigan black bears
Ref Author(s)	Youatt, W.G. & Erickson, A.W.
Animal Details	Sixteen wild bears, sampled in summer.
Laboratory Techniques	Blood was taken from the jugular vein within 60 - 90 minutes of anaesthesia with sodium pentobarbital following trapping.
Comments	--

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Reference 9.
Wildpro Data Source	J332.36.w1
Ref Title	Blood picture of the American black bear, Ursus americanus
Ref Author(s)	Svihla, A.
Animal Details	Three samples from a 211 lb male bear at a zoo in Washington, USA. The bear was sedated with "Nembutal" (pentobarbital) in August and September for samples to be taken.
Laboratory Techniques	--
Comments	--

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Other Major Databases with Reference Values

Some database systems generate normal values on an on-going basis, and some organisations publish information within animal management guidelines. As the normal values do vary as more information is added, the links to these databases are provided, rather than incorporating the actual data.

Some of these databases do charge for access, or may have restricted access and enquiries should be made directly to the database providers.

International Species Information System

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