These flowcharts are designed to enable you to follow a normal decision-making process to find the information you need. Just click the coloured buttons for detailed information on each subject. These major pages contain the majority of the information and guidance on the subject.

Where further details are required on specific techniques they have been incorporated into the following individual technique pages:

INDEX Drug Administration Investigation Anaesthesia Surgical Management Hazing / Dispersal Techniques Vaccination Euthanasia

Scroll down OR use INDEX to navigate in this page

Video Clips available:

	Video Clips: Blood Collection Techniques for Birds
	Video Clips: Bird Necropsy Protocol for West Nile Virus Surveillance
	Video Clips: Sampling for Chronic Wasting Disease
	Video Clips: Necropsy of Wild Ungulates

Drug Administration:

• Capsule / Tablet Administration in Birds
• Gavage / Tubing of Birds
• Food / Water Medication for Birds
• Intramuscular Injection of Birds
• Intraosseus Injection of Birds
• Intraperitoneal Injection for Birds
• Intratracheal Medication for Birds
• Intravenous Injection of Birds
• Nebulisation of Birds
• Subcutaneous Injection of Birds
• Topical Medication of Birds

MAMMALS:

• Enema Administration in Elephants

• Epidural Injection of Elephants

• Intramuscular Injection of Bears

• Intramuscular Injection of Elephants

• Intramuscular Injection of Hedgehogs 
• Intraosseous Injection of Hedgehogs 
• Intraperitoneal Injection of Hedgehogs 
• Intravenous Access (Venepuncture) of Hedgehogs 
• Intravenous Injection of Bears

• Intravenous Injection of Elephants

• Oral Medication of Elephants

• Rectal Administration in Elephants

• Regional Digital Intravenous Perfusion in Elephants

• Subcutaneous Injection in Elephants

• Subcutaneous Injection of Mammals

• Subcutaneous Injection of Hedgehogs 

Investigation:

• Blood Sampling Bears

• Blood Sampling Elephants

• Blood Sampling of Hedgehogs

• Trunk Wash of Elephants

Anaesthesia:

BIRDS:

• Alphaxolone / Alphadolone Anaesthesia in Waterfowl
• Halothane Anaethesia in Waterfowl
• Isoflurane Anaesthesia in Waterfowl
• Ketamine Anaesthesia in Waterfowl
• Ketamine/Diazepam Anaesthesia in Waterfowl
• Ketamine/Medetomidine Anaesthesia in Waterfowl
• Ketamine/Xylazine Anaesthesia in Waterfowl
• Methyoxyflurane Anaesthesia in Waterfowl
• Propofol Anaesthesia in Waterfowl
• Oral Sedation of Waterfowl

MAMMALS:

• Carfentanil Anaesthesia in Bears
• Etorphine Anaesthesia in Bears
• Medetomidine-Ketamine Anaesthesia in Bears
• Medetomidine-Ketamine-Midazolam Anaesthesia in Bears (Techniques)
• Medetomidine-Tiletamine-Zolazepam Anaesthesia in Bears
• Oral Carfentanil Anaesthesia of Bears
• Tiletamine-Zolazepam Anaesthesia in Bears
• Xylazine-Ketamine Anaesthesia in Bears
• Xylazine-Tiletamine-Zolazepam Anaesthesia in Bears
• General Anaesthesia (Gaseous and Injectable) Techniques of Hedgehogs 

Surgical Management:

BIRDS:

• Achilles Tendon Replacement & Stabilisation in Waterfowl
• Bandaging & Splinting in Birds
• Bill Repair in Birds
• Castration of Waterfowl
• Cage Rest (Fracture Treatment) for Birds
• External Skeletal Fixation in Birds
• Leg-Ring Removal for Birds
• Infraorbital Sinus Flushing in Birds
• Internal Skeletal Fixation in Birds
• Oesophageal Surgery of Waterfowl
• Partial Wing Amputation - Adult Waterfowl
• Pinioning Waterfowl (Downies)
• Wing Amputation - Adult Waterfowl
• Yolk Sac Removal in Birds
• Removal of Retained Egg in Birds
• Surgical Correction of Angel Wing

MAMMALS:

• Canine Tooth Removal in Bears
• Cholecystectomy in Bears
• Pulpotomy in Bears
• Root Canal Procedures in Bears
• Hedgehog Fracture Management 
• Hedgehog Wound Management 

Hazing / Dispersal Techniques:

• Hazing - Aircraft
• Hazing - Biosonics
• Hazing - Boats
• Hazing - Electronic Sound Generators
• Hazing - Land Vehicles
• Hazing - Lasers
• Hazing - Propane Cannon
• Hazing - Pyrotechnics
• Hazing - Scarecrows etc.
• Hazing - Trained Raptors

Vaccination:

• Ring Vaccination for Foot-and-Mouth Disease
• Barrier Vaccination for Foot-and-Mouth Disease
• Damping-down Vaccination for Foot-and-Mouth Disease
• Emergency Mass Vaccination for Foot-and-Mouth Disease
• Protective Emergency Vaccination for Foot-and-Mouth Disease
• Routine/Prophylactic Vaccination for Foot-and-Mouth Disease

Euthanasia:

• Euthanasia of Elephants

• Euthanasia of Hedgehogs